The western honeybee apis mellifera exhibits a diverse set of adaptations in response to infestations by its most virulent diseasecausing agent, the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. This software is mainly used to view and analyze big genomic datasets. It consisted of proteincoding genes, 22 trna genes. Genetic characterization of slow bee paralysis virus of. Apis mellifera filamentous virus amfv was originally described as a rickettsia disease of honeybees apis mellifera, but was later characterized as a large enveloped dna virus. This will accelerate the molecular level of honeybee genetics, combining the efforts of different. The ability to generate long sequencing reads and access longrange linkage information is revolutionizing the quality and completeness of genome assemblies. Neurobiology, fb biologychemistrypharmacy, free university berlin. Integrated genome browser is a free, opensource bioinformatics software for windows. The complete mitochondrial genome of the west african honey bee apis mellifera adansonii consisted of proteincoding genes, 22 transfer rna.
In drosophila melanogaster, which has a similar genome size to the honey bee 180 mb, the genetic map is 284. A bees food intake dictates its future role in the hive, and its life span. Compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the a. You can also return to the apis mellifera genome view search page. Honey bees apis mellifera contribute substantially to the worldwide economy and ecosystem. Download kgml show description user data mapping peroxisomes are essential organelles that play a key role in redox signalling and lipid homeostasis. The main biological threat to the western honeybee apis mellifera is the parasitic mite varroa destructor, largely because it vectors lethal epidemics of honeybee viruses that, in the absence of. It is also an important economic insect as it is the worlds principal crop pollinator and honey producer. Apis mellifera, the european or western honey bee, is native to western asia, europe and africa, but can now be found all around the world. Complete genome sequence of spiroplasma apis b31t atcc.
They are known for construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax, for the large size of their colonies, and for their surplus production and storage of honey, distinguishing their hives as a prized foraging. The genus name apis is latin for bee, and mellifera means honeybearing. The western honey bee or european honey bee apis mellifera is the most common of the 712 species of honey bees worldwide. We present here an analysis of features of its gene content and genome organization in comparison with apis mellifera to assess the variation within the genus apis and among main groups of hymenoptera.
Central to their society is the nest, which contains all the resources of the colony. They contribute to many crucial metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of ether lipids and free radical detoxification. Insights into social insects from the genome of the. In contrast, the genome of the asian honey bee, apis. The honey bee is an important model system for increasing understanding of molecular and neural mechanisms underlying social behaviors relevant to the agricultural industry and basic science. A honey bee also spelled honeybee is a eusocial flying insect within the genus apis of the bee clade, all native to eurasia but spread to four other continents by human beings. The amfv genome is a double stranded dna molecule of approximately. The relative dominance of this family in the honey bee genome. Rnasequence analysis of gene expression from honeybees. Whole genome sequencing and assembly of the asian honey. It encompasses 247 nonoverlapping open reading frames orfs, equally distributed on both strands, which cover 65%.
A genomewide signature of positive selection in ancient. The refseq genome records for apis mellifera were annotated by the ncbi eukaryotic genome annotation pipeline, an automated pipeline that annotates genes, transcripts and proteins on draft and finished genome assemblies. The map viewer help document describes how to use the map viewer software. The longstanding association between humans and honey bees, apis mellifera, is evidenced by 7000yearold cave paintings depicting honey collection from wild bee nests. Viruses free fulltext the apis mellifera filamentous. The complete mitochondrial genome of the asiatic cavity.
Subspecies of apis mellifera the common names include european or western honey bee. These activities have been threatened by the spread of varroa destructor acari. While workers of almost all subspecies of honeybee are able to lay only haploid male eggs, apis mellifera capensis workers are able to produce diploid female eggs by thelytokous parthenogenesis. This article is from genome announcements, volume 2. The viral landscape of the honey bee apismellifera has changed as a consequence of the global spread of the parasitic mite varroa destructor and accompanying virulent strains of the iflavirus deformed wing virus dwv, which the mite vectors. The bcmhgsc sequenced the honey bee, apis mellifera. Although the honey bee apis mellifera genome contains far fewer cytochrome p450 genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism than other insect genomes sequenced to date, the cyp6as subfamily, apparently unique to hymenopterans, has undergone an expansion relative to the genome of the jewel wasp nasonia vitripennis. Differential gene expression of the honey bee apis. In contrast, the genome of the asian honey bee, apis cerana. This software itself comes with genome sequences of many species like apis mellifera, aptman, bos taurus, gorilla, and more. The defensive response of the honeybee apis mellifera. Frontiers using wholegenome sequence information to.
Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model. Quercetinmetabolizing cyp6as enzymes of the pollinator. A complete reference genome of the apis mellifera filamentous virus amfv was determined using illumina hiseq sequencing. The honeybee apis mellifera developmental state shapes. It encompasses 247 nonoverlapping open reading frames orfs, equally distributed on both strands, which cover 65% of the genome. The honey bee genome sequencing consortium is an international collaborative group of genomics scientists, scientific organisations and universities trying to decipher the genome sequences of the honey bee apis mellifera. Parejo m, wragg d, gauthier l, vignal a, neumann p and neuditschko m 2016 using wholegenome sequence information to foster conservation efforts for the european dark honey bee, apis. Loc503505 venom protein 2 apis mellifera honey bee gene. The map viewer home page allows you to search the genome data of any organism represented in mapviewer. Honeybees apis mellifera are constantly subjected to many biotic stressors including parasites. The genetic map of honey bee chromosome 1 alone 575.
The amfv genome is a double stranded dna molecule of approximately 498,500 nucleotides with a gc content of 50. Apis mellifera originated in africa and extended its range into eurasia in two or more ancient expansions. Apis mellifera intermissa is an african subspecies of the western honey bee. The mitochondrial genome of the carniolan honey bee, apis. Behavioral responses of honey bees apis mellifera to. These nuclear copies of mitochondrial sequences numts are scattered all over the honeybee chromosomes and have originated by multiple independent insertions of mitochondrial dna mtdna as evident by phylogenetic analysis. For example in 1991 jm cornuet and l garnery used mtdna to find evidence of the. Western honey bee apis mellifera is a key model for understanding social behavior, disease transmission, and development 39. The sequence of the honey bee, apis mellifera, was assembled by a team. Subspecies are native to western europe, western asia, or nontropical northern or southern africa. Phylogenetic tree of gustatory receptor proteins of apis mellifera and drosophila melanogaster generated in mega5 by using a neighborjoining method. Uncovering the novel characteristics of asian honey bee. Engel 1999 found in the south of spain and the north of the sahara. A gridded genomic library of the honeybee apis mellifera.
This study examined honeybees infected with nosema ceranae n. It consisted of proteincoding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes, and an atrich control region. In this study, we investigated the effect of honeybee pupae genotype on the expression of four host and parasite traits that are associated with the reproductive phase of the mite in the. Every species has a different number of genome sequence and length that you can easily select and analyze using this. The genus name apis is latin for bee, and mellifera is the latin for honeybearing, referring to the species production of honey like all honey bee species, the western honey bee is eusocial, creating colonies with a single fertile female or queen.
Media in category apis mellifera mellifera the following 39 files are in this category, out of 39 total. In 1956, honey bees of african origin were introduced into south america, their descendents admixing with previously introduced european bees, giving rise to the highly invasive and economically devastating africanized honey bee. A microsatellitebased linkage map of the honeybee, apis. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee apis. Functional characterization of sugar receptors in the. Complete genome sequences were determined for two distinct strains of slow bee paralysis virus sbpv of honeybees apis mellifera. Rnaseq was used to investigate gene expression at days 5, 10 and 15 post infection p.
The western honey bee or european honey bee apis mellifera is a species of honey bee. Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. This page describes the data available for apis mellifera honey bee, and the search tips specific to that organism. The library will be established as a reference library system, and clones as well as data will be shared with the entire scientific community. Additionally, the worker and reproductive castes are all of the same size in. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the asian honeybee. It has a defined social caste system and complex communication behaviors, such as intricate dance routines to indicate food availability. The species apis mellifera is in the genus apis, of the subfamily apinae, in the family apidae.
Apis mellifera honey bee genome data and search tips. Transcriptional markers of suboptimal nutrition in. We present a gridded genomic library of the honeybee apis mellifera for comparative and basic genetic study of the honeybee genome. Cytological analyses have shown that during parthenogenesis, egg diploidy is restored by fusion of the two central meiotic products. Apis mellifera, the european or western honey bee, is native to western asia, europe and africa, but. Hymenoptera has become an important model for genetic study, especially as its genome has been sequenced. As a managed pollinator, the honey bee apis mellifera is critical to the american agricultural enterprise. A linkage map for the honeybee apis mellifera was constructed mainly from the progeny of two hybrid queens a. Pdf the complete mitochondrial genome of apis mellifera. Loc406093 apisimin apis mellifera honey bee gene ncbi.
The snp analysis results are also available for download using the ftp data link. This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and intermediate alignment results. Upgrading the honey bee genome sequence the honey bee. This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and. Analysis of nuclear copies of mitochondrial sequences in. Apis mellifera mellifera, honey bee, conservation genomics, wholegenome sequencing, network clustering, admixture, ancestry informative snps citation. The honey bee genome project hbgp has successfully organized a large and. A thirdgeneration microsatellitebased linkage map of the. About the project the bcmhgsc sequenced the honey bee, apis mellifera. Here we use a hybrid approach that combines data from four genome sequencing and mapping technologies to generate a new genome assembly of the honeybee apis mellifera.
In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial dna mtdna sequence of apis cerana, the asiatic cavitynesting honeybee. The asian honey bee apis dorsata is distinct from its more widely distributed cousin apis mellifera by a few key characteristics. Honeybee genome sequencing consortium nature, 2006 oct 26. Apis mellifera annotation report national center for. Honey constituents upregulate detoxification and immunity.
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